Structural properties refer to the characteristics of a system or network that determine its overall organization, stability, and behavior. This research area involves studying how the elements of a system are connected and interact with each other, as well as how these relationships influence the system's properties and performance. Researchers in this area often use mathematical models, algorithms, and computational methods to analyze the structure of complex systems, such as social networks, biological networks, and transportation networks. They may also use techniques from graph theory, network science, and other disciplines to identify key structural properties, such as connectivity, centrality, clustering, and resilience. Understanding the structural properties of a system can provide insights into its functionality, robustness, and vulnerability to various disturbances or failures. This knowledge is valuable for optimizing the design, management, and operation of complex systems in a wide range of domains, including engineering, biology, sociology, and information technology.